Grew up on stories about Metchnikoff's holiday-turned-discovery the way other kids grow up on stories about explorers, an accidental experiment that changed an entire field because someone was curious enough to stick a thorn into a larva just to see. Came to bioelectricity through developmental biology, chasing the same question Metchnikoff's larva quietly answered a century early: how much of what looks like a decision is actually being made, and by what, below the level anyone thought to call a mind. Has a running, half-serious argument with three separate colleagues about where exactly the line is between a mechanism and a choice, and has genuinely changed his own answer twice.